Washington, D.C. (December 18, 2025) – Decades of evidence have shown that whole-person primary care leads to better care and improved health for patients. A new report from Harvard Medical School’s Center for Primary Care provides data and expert insights on the most effective advanced primary care features along with implementation guidance.
The Primary Care Investment Guide is a first-of-its-kind publication detailing how policymakers, employers, provider organizations, practices and insurers can holistically assess, plan and prioritize investments in team-based advanced primary care services.
“Investing in advanced primary care works and is required to strengthen primary care so we can improve the nation’s health,” said Amie A. Pollack, Co-Investigator of the project and Director of Research at the Harvard Center for Primary Care. “When more investment supports the frontline team, patients have more time with their clinicians and are able to get more of their issues addressed during a visit and through other expanded services. And clinicians experience less burnout and more joy in practice. We hope that primary care stakeholders will find this Guide useful as they put policies in place to derive more value from their health care spend.”
“Every decision-maker who wants to shift our health care system to health and away from more expensive services will benefit from this guide,” said Ann Greiner, President and CEO of the Primary Care Collaborative, who served as an advisor, convener and distributor of the report. “The findings are grounded in real-world interviews, surveys and literature reviews, as well as case examples of successful advanced primary care implementation. This study makes the case that policies to support patients and policies to support the primary care team are inseparable.”
The Guide provides examples from provider organizations, practices, and payers on how the following six team-based services can improve health outcomes, reduce costs, enhance patient experience, support workforce wellbeing and/or improve health equity:
- Behavioral Health Integration, including the Primary Care Behavioral Health and the Collaborative Care models for practice-based management of behavioral health conditions
- Embedded Clinical Pharmacists to optimize medication management and chronic disease management
- Care Management for patients with complex medical or social needs
- Population Health Programs that use data to close care gaps and proactively manage chronic disease
- Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) identification and management, including systematic screening and community health worker support to link patients to community-based resources
- E-Consults, enabling rapid, specialist input and reducing avoidable referrals
“When we invest in primary care, we invest in the health of our families, communities, and society,” said Anna Flattau, System Chief for Primary Care at Jefferson Health. “This guide outlines how to strategically allocate our resources to achieve tangible improvements in healthcare outcomes. By providing clarity and direction, the guide offers a map to meaningful and sustainable change.”
Read the full Investment Guide here and the Executive Summary here. The PCC is also holding a webinar on December 18 breaking down the report.
Better Outcomes Spur Coming Changes
The Guide arrives as federal and state policymakers increasingly recognize the importance of investing more in primary care. At least five states (California, Colorado, Delaware, Oregon and Rhode Island) have legislated higher primary care spending, with others moving toward similar targets.
Underlying the Guide are data that show higher numbers of primary care clinicians are consistently linked with longer life expectancy, lower mortality and improved health outcomes.
Yet U.S. primary care is under strain: The U.S. spends only 4.6% of the health care dollar on primary care. Nearly 98 million people live in primary care shortage areas, more than 16,000 additional physicians are needed and patients, especially those from low-income and marginalized communities, struggle to access timely care. Black and Hispanic populations experience higher rates of poor health and shorter life expectancy, with the pandemic further widening disparities.
This publication was produced with funding from the California Health Care Foundation and the Commonwealth Fund.
Harvard Medical School Center for Primary Care
Harvard Medical School Center for Primary Care believes the future of our health system will be built upon a strong foundation of primary care that is designed to meet the needs of both patients and primary care teams. https://primarycare.hms.harvard.edu/